There was some overlap between the above articles. Most of the included articles (47) focused on modifiable factors as compared to unmodifiable factors (23). This exclusion resulted in 52 articles that were reviewed and agreed upon by all authors of this study. All articles that did not meet the criteria outlined in the Methods section were excluded. The initial literature search yielded 3,239 articles, which were then narrowed down to 155 articles after reading the title and abstract. Variables from the articles were categorized into either modifiable or unmodifiable factors. We discuss the impact of biases after analyzing the final 52 articles and took them into consideration when evaluating the relationships between variables. We compared findings to filter out articles based on the exclusion criteria and resolve inconsistencies. Each publication was reviewed independently and summarized in a separate excel table that was later synthesized to the abovementioned PRISMA flowchart. Duplicates and nonscientific papers were also removed (Figure (Figure1). Additional criteria specified that selected articles must focus on USMLE Step 2 CK outcomes and include allopathic medical schools located in the United States. Our criteria included articles published within the last 15 years (2005-2020), with the most recent publication in January 2020. The keywords were a combination of the following: USMLE, Step-2 CK, score, success, and predictors. This article was previously presented as a poster presentation at the 20 Annual Meeting on May 2, 2021.Ī systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC. Our findings can help medical students, instructors, and medical schools ascertain the variables most likely to ensure successful performance on Step 2 CK. The goal of this study is to review prior research and identify significant factors positively and negatively associated with Step 2 CK outcomes. It is important to identify and examine factors that have an impact on the medical students’ performance in the Step 2 CK examination for both medical institutions and students. With the loss of one objective method for residency distinction, it may occur that Step 2 CK will become a more important metric that residency directors will use to quickly evaluate program applicants. This change was designated to be implemented on January 1, 2022. In February 2020, the governing bodies of the USMLE, the Federation of State Medical Board (FSMB), and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) announced the decision to change Step 1 score reporting from a three-digit system (1-300) to a pass/fail designation . Passing grades for both examinations are required for medical school graduation and progression into residency . The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) consists of a series of required examinations for medical practice in the United States. Step 1 assesses a student’s ability to apply basic science principles, and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) assesses the ability to apply medical knowledge to patient care situations in a clinical setting . Interestingly, changing answers and spending more time on each question during the examination were associated with higher scores. Performance on USMLE practice examinations, Step 1, and clinical evaluations serve as positive predictors for Step 2 CK scores. The study findings suggest that continuous learning and academic success throughout medical school positively influence eventual Step 2 CK scoring. Additionally, females typically scored higher on Step 2 CK than their male peers. Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) score (p < 0.01) and undergraduate grade point average (GPA) (p = 0.01) positively correlated, while age displayed a negative correlation. Factors such as clerkship sequence and pass/fail grading failed to correlate with Step 2 CK. Positively correlated factors included Step 1 score, clinical block grades, Comprehensive Clinical Science Self-Assessment (CCSSA), Comprehensive Clinical Science Examination (CCSE), and volunteerism. The goal of this study is to review prior research and identify significant factors associated with Step 2 CK outcomes.Ī systematic literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC that included articles published between 2005 and 2015 was conducted using the keywords “USMLE,” “Step 2 CK,” “score,” “success,” and “predictors.”Īfter screening the initial search yield of 3,239 articles, 52 articles were included for this review. Previous studies theorized that Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) will become the numerical standard by which residency directors can quickly sort through program applicants. In February 2020, the governing bodies of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) announced the decision to change Step 1 score reporting from a three-digit system to pass/fail designation.
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